Post-Laser & Procedures

35 min read

Understanding Post-Laser Skin

Laser treatments may be how some clients begin addressing hyperpigmentation, scarring, anti-ageing and uneven skin texture, but they can also leave the skin vulnerable to increased inflammation, dehydration, and heightened sensitivity.

The heat and light energy from lasers can compromise the skin barrier, raising the risk of redness, flaking, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Effective post-laser care focuses on calming inflammation, restoring hydration, and strengthening the barrier to support recovery.

⬑ Redness and sensitivity post-laser

⬑ Crusting, redness, and peeling are common after laser treatment, while blistering may indicate sensitivity

Conditions Across Post-Laser Stages

Post-Laser Treatment: Day 0-7

In the first week post-laser, the skin is highly sensitive and prone to redness, swelling, and dehydration. Immediate care focuses on calming inflammation, preventing infection, and supporting the skin barrier with anti-inflammatory and hydrating treatments.

⬑ Immediate redness, crusting, and swelling after laser

⬑ Dehydration, redness and tightness in the early stages, post-laser

Post-Laser Treatment: Week 1–6

As the skin repairs itself, temporary darkening of spots (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) and texture irregularities may occur. Supportive care with brightening botanicals and barrier-strengthening ingredients helps manage pigmentation and promote even healing.

⬑ Darkened spots and uneven tone

⬑ Texture irregularities as the skin regenerates in its most tender state

Hormonal Influences on Recovery

Hormonal fluctuations can affect post-laser healing, particularly in adults aged 25 and above. Elevated androgen levels can lead to increased oil production, breakouts, and slower recovery from redness and pigmentation. Hormone-balancing and anti-inflammatory care help manage these challenges.

⬑ Post-laser breakouts along the jawline and chin

⬑ Persistent redness due to hormonal influences triggered by post-laser response

Young Skin and Post-Laser Care

In youths aged 10–24, increased oil production and active sebaceous glands can complicate post-laser recovery. The risk of congestion and breakouts is higher, requiring sebum-regulating and microbiome-supportive treatments.

⬑ Breakouts and oiliness in adolescents post-laser

⬑ Congested pores due to overactive sebaceous glands

Mature Skin and Post-Laser Recovery

Mature skin tends to have a slower recovery rate and a weakened barrier post-laser, leading to prolonged redness, dryness, and increased susceptibility to pigmentation. Hydrating, barrier-repair, and antioxidant-rich treatments help support and accelerate recovery in ageing skin.

⬑ Persistent redness and dryness common in mature skin

⬑ Increased pigmentation risks in ageing skin post-laser due to slower skin regenerating abilities

Pregnancy and Post-Laser Recovery

Hormonal shifts during pregnancy can heighten the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and sensitivity after laser treatments. Gentle, pregnancy-safe care that focuses on hydration and inflammation control helps manage post-laser skin without risks.

⬑ Heightened sensitivity during pregnancy recovery

⬑ Dark spots triggered by pregnancy hormones post-laser

Common Conditions

Post-Laser Redness & Sensitivity

Redness and sensitivity are immediate responses to laser treatments due to thermal impact on the skin. This inflammation can last for days to weeks, causing discomfort and increasing the risk of further irritation if not managed properly. Calming, anti-inflammatory care helps reduce redness and support barrier recovery.

⬑ Inflamed and flushed skin post-laser

⬑ Persistent redness around cheeks and nose

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)

Heat from lasers can stimulate melanocyte activity, leading to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in medium to dark skin tones. PIH appears as dark or greyish spots that can take months to fade. Brightening treatments with tyrosinase inhibitors and anti-inflammatory botanicals help manage and prevent PIH effectively.

⬑ Dark spots and uneven tone post-laser

⬑ Brown patches due to inflammation

Post-Laser Dehydration

Laser treatments can temporarily impair the skin’s ability to retain moisture, leading to dehydration and a weakened barrier. This often results in flaking, tightness, and a dull appearance. Hydrating serums and barrier-repair care help replenish moisture and restore the skin’s resilience.

⬑ Flaky and tight skin after laser

⬑ Dullness and less-ideal healing due to moisture loss

Post-Laser Breakouts

Temporary purging or breakouts can occur after laser treatments, particularly in oily or acne-prone skin. This is due to barrier disruption and an imbalance in the skin’s microbiome. Anti-bacterial, soothing, and barrier-repair solutions help control post-laser breakouts.

⬑ Clogged pores and oiliness after laser

⬑ Inflammatory pustules following laser treatment

Excess Sebum Production

In some cases, lasers can trigger increased oil production as the skin attempts to rebalance itself. This leads to a shiny complexion and potential congestion. Sebum-regulating and anti-inflammatory care can manage excess oil without compromising hydration.

⬑ Excess oil in the T-zone post-laser

⬑ Shiny and congested skin 2-3 weeks post-laser

We're here to help you manage your skin concerns.

At Folke®, we address skin concerns at the root for lasting results. Our painless, non-invasive, customised plant-tech approach protects your skin and health, delivering visible, personalised improvements backed by over 20 years of expertise.

Disclaimer

At Folke®, we offer treatments and skincare products designed to support skin health, with results varying based on factors like skin type, conditions, lifestyle, and treatment adherence. Our information is based on in-clinic observations, client experiences, and published academic materials. While claims and comparisons to mainstream therapies reflect general research, reactions to treatments can vary. Not every patient will experience the same results, and some may tolerate treatments better than others. Folke®, its founder Charles Ng, staff, and representatives are not responsible for discrepancies or differing opinions. This content is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. While Folke® is committed to high-quality treatments and products for skin concerns, individual outcomes may vary. The effectiveness of our treatments depends on various factors, and Folke® cannot guarantee specific results for every client. We encourage clients to consult with our professionals to set realistic expectations tailored to their needs. This information should not replace professional medical advice or treatment.

Academic References:

Alster TS, Tanzi EL. “Laser skin resurfacing: ablative and nonablative laser resurfacing.” Clinics in Dermatology 25, no. 5 (2007): 479-487.

Tierney EP, Hanke CW. “Recent advances in combination laser therapy for postresurfacing erythema.” Dermatologic Surgery 35, no. 8 (2009): 1221-1232.

Manstein D, Herron GS, Sink RK, Tanner H, Anderson RR. “Fractional photothermolysis: a new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 34, no. 5 (2004): 426-438.

Nanni CA, Alster TS. “Complications of carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. An evaluation of 500 patients.” Dermatologic Surgery 24, no. 3 (1998): 315-320.

Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP, Satur NM, Tope WD. “Pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of photoaged facial skin.” Archives of Dermatology 132, no. 4 (1996): 395-402.

Tanzi EL, Alster TS. “Single-pass carbon dioxide versus multiple-pass Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing: a comparison of postoperative wound healing and side-effect rates.” Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 1 (2003): 80-84.

Alster TS, West TB. “Human-derived growth factors in the treatment of photodamaged skin.” Dermatologic Surgery 26, no. 9 (2000): 825-831.

Ross EV, McKinlay JR, Anderson RR. “Why does carbon dioxide resurfacing work? A review.” Archives of Dermatology 135, no. 4 (1999): 444-454.

Fitzpatrick RE, Rostan EF. “Reversal of photodamage with topical growth factors: a pilot study.” Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 5, no. 1 (2003): 25-34.

Khatri KA, Mahoney DL, McCartney MJ. “Laser scar revision: a review.” Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 13, no. 2 (2011): 54-62.

Babilas P, Schreml S, Szeimies RM, Landthaler M. “Intense pulsed light (IPL): a review.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 42, no. 2 (2010): 93-104.

Hantash BM, Bedi VP, Kapadia B, Rahman Z, Jiang K, Tanner H, Chan KF, Zachary CB. “In vivo histological evaluation of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 39, no. 2 (2007): 96-107.

Waibel JS, Wulkan AJ, Rudnick A. “Update of ablative fractionated lasers to enhance cutaneous topical delivery.” Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 31, no. 1 (2012): 50-58.

Friedman PM, Skover GR, Payonk G, Kauvar AN, Geronemus RG. “1,550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser for treatment of surgical scars: a controlled study.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 34, no. 5 (2004): 473-476.

Kono T, Chan HH, Groff WF, Manstein D, Sakurai H, Takeuchi M. “Prospective direct comparison study of fractional resurfacing using different fluences and densities for skin rejuvenation in Asians.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 39, no. 4 (2007): 311-314.

Trelles MA, Allones I, Luna R. “One-pass versus two-pass Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing: a prospective study.” Dermatologic Surgery 27, no. 8 (2001): 709-712.

Sherling M, Friedman PM, Adrian R, Burns AJ, Geronemus RG. “Ablative laser resurfacing for the treatment of facial rhytides and scars.” Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 3 (2000): 180-191.

Hantash BM, Bedi VP, Sudireddy V, Struck SK, Herron GS, Chan KF. “Laser-induced transepidermal elimination of dermal content by fractional photothermolysis.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 11, no. 4 (2006): 041115.

Tierney EP, Hanke CW, Petersen J. “Fractionated erbium-doped 1,550-nm laser skin resurfacing in the treatment of photodamage and acne scars: a prospective study.” Dermatologic Surgery 35, no. 4 (2009): 597-606.

Alster TS, West TB. “Improvement of hypertrophic and keloid scars by the 585-nm pulsed dye laser.” Annals of Plastic Surgery 39, no. 5 (1997): 404-410.

Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP, Satur NM, Tope WD. “Pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of photoaged facial skin.” Archives of Dermatology 132, no. 4 (1996): 395-402.

Jacob CI, Dover JS, Kaminer MS. “Cellulite: a review of its physiology and treatment.” Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 12, no. 1 (2010): 34-40.

Chan HH, Manstein D, Yu CS, Kono T, Wei WI. “Fractional resurfacing: basic science and clinical applications.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 42, no. 2 (2010): 89-92.

Stronger Skin, Smoother Recovery

Heal smarter, not harder. Folke’s plant-tech solutions support post-laser and post-procedural recovery by working with your skin’s natural repair process — calming inflammation, restoring hydration, a nd strengthening the barrier for long-term resilience. No rebound sensitivity, irritation, or dependency. Achieve better results from your laser and cosmetic procedures.

Like fingerprints, every client is unique. Folke’s plant-tech approach combines botanical formulations and non-invasive technologies, tailoring solutions unique to your skin condition, history, and lifestyle for targeted, effective care — without drugs, medication, or harsh procedures.

⬑ Outsmart sustenance with sustainable skin nutrition

⬑ Customised botanical solutions to address the most sensitive of conditions

Strengthening Instead of Stripping Skin Barrier

Many post-laser treatments focus on suppressing symptoms, often at the cost of long-term skin health. Over-exfoliation, aggressive peels, and synthetic actives like hydroquinone, steroids, and high-strength acids can weaken the skin barrier, making it more vulnerable to inflammation, dehydration, and pigmentation relapse.

At Folke, we do the opposite. Our botanical barrier-repair formulations work with the skin’s natural regenerative cycles, using bioavailable plant actives to:

✔ Soothe post-laser redness and swelling without harsh anti-inflammatories

✔ Rebuild skin resilience with essential nutrients that enhance barrier function

✔ Lock in hydration at a cellular level without heavy, congestion-prone occlusives

⬑ Post-laser hydration that nourishes

⬑ Calming inflammation helps to reinforce long-term skin resillience

A Smarter Approach to Post-Laser Pigmentation

Conventional treatments often attempt to erase post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) with high-dose lighteners and resurfacing lasers, but this can backfire, triggering rebound pigmentation, prolonged sensitivity, or uneven skin tone. Skin doesn’t forget trauma—forcing fast results can leave long-term consequences.

Instead, Folke’s pigmentation management focuses on melanin regulation at the source, using plant-derived tyrosinase inhibitors, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory actives to:

✔ Gently fade PIH without disrupting surrounding skin

✔ Prevent melanin overproduction instead of suppressing it aggressively

✔ Strengthen the skin’s ability to resist future pigmentation triggers

⬑ Fade pigmentation without the risk of post-treatment darkening

⬑ A controlled, progressive plant-tech approach that supports the skin’s natural balance

Eliminating Prescription Dependency

Post-laser skin often becomes dependent on prescription creams, steroids, or synthetic hydrators, creating a cycle of temporary improvement followed by worsening sensitivity. Many mainstream regimens replace function with reliance, leaving the skin unable to self-regulate.

At Folke, we believe that true skin recovery means independence—not lifelong management.

✔ Enhance the skin’s natural repair functions rather than replacing them

✔ Support microbiome balance to prevent post-laser breakouts and irritation

✔ Help the skin sustain hydration and oil balance without occlusive-heavy formulas

⬑ Strengthen the skin from within

⬑ A plant-tech approach to post-laser resilience, not just recovery

Holistic Skin Healing & Adaptation

Post-laser recovery isn’t one-size-fits-all—the way your skin responds, heals, and adapts depends on your age, hormones, and lifestyle habits. Unlike generic post-laser treatments that overlook personal skin dynamics, our approach tailors solutions to:

✔ Balance hormonal fluctuations to prevent laser-triggered breakouts

✔ Adjust hydration needs for younger, oilier skin vs. mature, drier skin

✔ Minimise pregnancy-related pigmentation risks with safe, botanical alternatives

⬑ Post-laser care designed for every life stage

⬑ A customised formulation approach that evolves with your skin’s needs

Long-Term Health Over Quick Fixes

Fast-acting solutions often come at a biological cost—whether it’s thinned skin from steroid creams, dependency on exfoliants, or pigment relapse from overused lighteners. Folke®’s post-laser system isn’t just about healing—it’s about future-proofing your skin.

✔ Natural, bio-adaptive solutions that promote skin longevity

✔ Protection against future sensitivity, not just immediate irritation

✔ A sustainable skincare philosophy—healthy skin with minimal effort

⬑ Future-proof the nurturing of your skin’s resilience

⬑ Nurturing an enviable, youthful, and long-term skin quality starts with one natural treatment at a time

Informed and Sustainable Approach

At Folke Natural Skin Clinic, we believe post-laser care should be about more than just recovery—it should be about transformation. Our plant-tech solutions go beyond conventional symptom control, helping your skin heal, strengthen, and evolve without unnecessary risks or setbacks.

⬑ Post-laser recovery is customised to work with your skin’s natural processes

⬑ Nature, science and practical experience comes together for more tangible, lasting results

We're here to help you manage your skin concerns.

Disclaimer

Academic References:

Graber EM, Tanzi EL, Alster TS. “Side Effects and Complications of Fractional Laser Photothermolysis: Experience with 961 Treatments.” Dermatologic Surgery 34, no. 3 (2008): 301-305.

Babilas P, Schreml S, Szeimies RM, Landthaler M. “Intense Pulsed Light (IPL): A Review.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 42, no. 2 (2010): 93-104.

Sadick NS, Weiss R, Kilmer S, Bitter P. “Photorejuvenation with Intense Pulsed Light: Results of a Multi-Center Study.” Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 3, no. 6 (2004): 725-730.

Park JH, Chun JY, Lee JH. “Laser-Assisted Topical Corticosteroid Delivery for the Treatment of Keloids.” Lasers in Medical Science 32, no. 2 (2017): 601-608.

Seo HM, Choi JY, Min J, Kim WS. “Carbon Dioxide Laser Combined with Botulinum Toxin A for Patients with Periorbital Syringomas.” Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 18, no. 2 (2016): 99-102.

Mohamed HA, Mohammed GF, Gomaa AHA, Eyada MMK. “Carbon Dioxide Laser Plus Topical 5-Fluorouracil: A New Combination Therapeutic Modality for Acral Vitiligo.” Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 17, no. 4 (2015): 200-205.

Sabry HH, Ibrahim EA, Hamed AM. “Assessment of Laser-Assisted Delivery vs Intralesional Injection of Botulinum Toxin A in Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids.” Dermatologic Therapy 33, no. 6 (2020): e14114.

Leal-Junior EC, Vanin AA, Miranda EF, de Carvalho PT, Dal Corso S. “Effect of Phototherapy (Low-Level Laser Therapy and Light-Emitting Diode Therapy) on Exercise Performance and Markers of Exercise Recovery: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.” Lasers in Medical Science 30, no. 2 (2015): 925-939.

Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP, Satur NM, Tope WD. “Pulsed Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing of Photoaged Facial Skin.” Archives of Dermatology 132, no. 4 (1996): 395-402.

Manstein D, Herron GS, Sink RK, Tanner H, Anderson RR. “Fractional Photothermolysis: A New Concept for Cutaneous Remodeling Using Microscopic Patterns of Thermal Injury.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 34, no. 5 (2004): 426-438.

Tanzi EL, Alster TS. “Side Effects and Complications of Variable-Pulsed Erbium: YAG Laser Skin Resurfacing: Extended Experience with 50 Patients.” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 109, no. 2 (2002): 652-657.

Ong MW, Bashir SJ. “Fractional Laser Resurfacing for Acne Scars: A Review.” The British Journal of Dermatology 166, no. 6 (2012): 1160-1169.

Khatri KA, Mahoney DL, McCartney MJ. “Laser Scar Revision: A Review.” Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 13, no. 2 (2011): 54-62.

Hantash BM, Bedi VP, Kapadia B, Rahman Z, Jiang K, Tanner H, Chan KF, Zachary CB. “In Vivo Histological Evaluation of a Novel Ablative Fractional Resurfacing Device.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 39, no. 2 (2007): 96-107.

Roberts TL 3rd. “The Emerging Role of Lasers in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.” Aesthetic Surgery Journal 15, no. 3 (1995): 216-224.

Kohl E, Karrer S, Roggenkamp D, Landthaler M, Szeimies RM. “Skin Aging.” Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 25, no. 8 (2011): 873-884.

Friedman PM, Skover GR, Payonk G, Kauvar AN, Geronemus RG. “1,550-nm Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser for Treatment of Surgical Scars: A Controlled Study.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 34, no. 5 (2004): 473-476.

Trelles MA, Allones I, Luna R. “One-Pass Versus Two-Pass Er:YAG Laser Skin Resurfacing: A Prospective Study.” Dermatologic Surgery 27, no. 8 (2001): 709-712.

Alster TS, West TB. “Resurfacing of Atrophic Facial Acne Scars with a High-Energy, Pulsed Carbon Dioxide Laser.” Dermatologic Surgery 22, no. 2 (1996): 151-154.

Babilas P, Schreml S, Szeimies RM, Landthaler M. “Intense Pulsed Light (IPL): A Review.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 42, no. 2 (2010): 93-104.

Waibel JS, Wulkan AJ, Rudnick A. “Update of Ablative Fractionated Lasers to Enhance Cutaneous Topical Delivery.” Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 31, no. 1 (2012): 50-58.

Sherling M, Friedman PM, Adrian R, Burns AJ, Geronemus RG. “Ablative Laser Resurfacing for the Treatment of Facial Rhytides and Scars.” Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 3 (2000): 180-191.

Hantash BM, Bedi VP, Sudireddy V, Struck SK, Herron GS, Chan KF. “Laser-Induced Transepidermal Elimination of Dermal Content by Fractional Photothermolysis.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 11, no. 4 (2006): 041115.

Fitzpatrick RE, Rostan EF. “Reversal of Photodamage with Topical Growth Factors: A Pilot Study.” Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 5, no. 1 (2003): 25-34.

Considerations with Mainstream Treatments

While Folke® Natural Skin Clinic does not offer mainstream treatments, our experience with clients who have undergone them has revealed varied skin responses.

Here, we explore some of these mainstream treatment approaches and the post-treatment concerns some clients have encountered before turning to Folke’s natural, non-invasive plant-tech approach to manage these skin concerns.

Harsh Chemical-Based Skincare and Its Risks

Many post-laser products contain retinoids, hydroquinone, AHAs, BHAs, and strong exfoliants that may reduce pigmentation but can also irritate and weaken the skin barrier, worsening sensitivity.

Synthetic preservatives, alcohol, and artificial fragrances strip moisture, leading to dehydration, flaking, and redness. Overuse of hydroquinone and strong acids may trigger rebound hyperpigmentation, making pigment issues more persistent.

⬑ Skin irritation and dryness from chemical-based skincare

⬑ Rebound pigmentation from prolonged brightening treatments

Dependency on Medical Aesthetic Procedures

While medical interventions aim to manage post-laser redness and pigmentation, they do not always offer sustainable solutions:

• Corticosteroids quickly reduce inflammation but can thin the skin and increase long-term sensitivity.

• Antibiotics prevent infection but disrupt the skin microbiome, causing breakouts and dryness.

• Repeated laser treatments may worsen inflammation and excess melanin production, prolonging recovery.

⬑ Increased sensitivity from prolonged steroid use

⬑ Microbiome disruption and rebound breakouts from antibiotics

Overuse of Occlusive and Barrier-Sealing Agents

To counteract post-laser dryness, conventional treatments often rely on heavy occlusives like petrolatum, silicone, and mineral oil. While these form a barrier, they do not replenish hydration at the cellular level and can trap impurities, bacteria, and dead skin, leading to congestion, breakouts, and delayed healing.

⬑ Heavy occlusives slowing down skin recovery

⬑ Barrier-sealing products trapping congestion and bacteria

Risk of Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)

Post-laser pigmentation is often treated with hydroquinone, kojic acid, and strong chemical peels, but these can be harsh on compromised skin:

• Hydroquinone dependency may cause hypopigmentation (white patches) or paradoxical darkening.

• High-percentage acid peels increase skin sensitivity and micro-tears, delaying healing.

• Brightening treatments can heighten UV sensitivity, increasing the risk of further pigmentation.

⬑ Worsened post-laser PIH from harsh depigmenting agents

⬑ Exogenous ochronosis with prolonged use of topical hydroquinone

Short-Term Relief vs Long-Term Skin Health

Many conventional treatments prioritise symptom suppression over true skin resilience. Over-exfoliation and retinoid use can weaken the skin barrier, leading to recurring irritation, dehydration, and sensitivity. Heavy reliance on harsh actives fosters dependency on synthetic skincare, preventing the skin from repairing itself naturally. Without a holistic recovery approach, redness, pigmentation, and sensitivity often persist, creating a cycle of temporary relief but long-term vulnerability.

⬑ Sensitised skin struggling to heal post-laser

⬑ Weakened skin barrier from overuse of active treatments

We're here to help you manage your skin concerns.

Disclaimer

Academic References:

Graber EM, Tanzi EL, Alster TS. “Side Effects and Complications of Fractional Laser Photothermolysis: Experience with 961 Treatments.” Dermatologic Surgery 34, no. 3 (2008): 301-305.

Ortiz AE, Goldman MP, Fitzpatrick RE. “Ablative CO2 Lasers for Skin Tightening: Traditional Versus Fractional.” Dermatologic Surgery 40, no. 12 (2014): 1345-1352.

Babilas P, Schreml S, Szeimies RM, Landthaler M. “Intense pulsed light (IPL): a review.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 42, no. 2 (2010): 93-104.

Purschke M, Laubach HJ, Anderson RR, Manstein D. “Thermal injury causes DNA damage and lethality in unheated surrounding cells: active thermal bystander effect.” The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 130, no. 1 (2010): 86-92.

Kohl EA, Babilas P, Landthaler M. “Skin rejuvenation with intense pulsed light.” Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica 18, no. 1 (2010): 7-14.

Borgia F, Giuffrida R, Caradonna E, Vaccaro M, Guarneri F. “Early and Late Onset Side Effects of Photodynamic Therapy.” Biomedicines 6, no. 1 (2018): 12.

Larrègue M, Martin J, Bressieux JM, Canuel C, De Giacomoni P. “Vitiligoid achromias and severe atopic dermatitis. Apropos of 4 cases.” Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 112, no. 10 (1985): 831-836.

Peramiquel L, Baselga E, Dalmau J, Roé E, Campos MM. “Lichen striatus: clinical and epidemiological review of 23 cases.” European Journal of Pediatrics 165, no. 11 (2006): 727-733.

Sadick NS, Weiss R, Kilmer S, Bitter P. “Photorejuvenation with intense pulsed light: results of a multi-center study.” Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 3, no. 1 (2004): 41-49.

Seo HM, Choi JY, Min J, Kim WS. “Carbon dioxide laser combined with botulinum toxin A for patients with periorbital syringomas.” Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 18, no. 2 (2016): 87-91.

Sabry HH, Ibrahim EA, Hamed AM. “Assessment of laser-assisted delivery vs intralesional injection of botulinum toxin A in treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.” Dermatologic Therapy 33, no. 6 (2020): e14115.

Leal-Junior EC, Vanin AA, Miranda EF, de Carvalho PT, Dal Corso S. “Effect of phototherapy (low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode therapy) on exercise performance and markers of exercise recovery: a systematic review with meta-analysis.” Lasers in Medical Science 30, no. 2 (2015): 925-939.

Park JH, Chun JY, Lee JH. “Laser-assisted topical corticosteroid delivery for the treatment of keloids.” Lasers in Medical Science 32, no. 6 (2017): 1435-1441.

Ong MW, Bashir SJ. “Fractional laser resurfacing for acne scars: a review.” The British Journal of Dermatology 166, no. 6 (2012): 1160-1169.

Graber EM, Tanzi EL, Alster TS. “Complications of laser surgery: a review of 532 cases.” Dermatologic Surgery 34, no. 3 (2008): 301-305.

Roberts TL 3rd. “The emerging role of lasers in aesthetic plastic surgery.” Aesthetic Surgery Journal 15, no. 3 (1995): 216-224.

Kohl E, Karrer S, Roggenkamp D, Landthaler M, Szeimies RM. “Skin aging.” Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 25, no. 8 (2011): 873-884.

Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP, Satur NM, Tope WD. “Pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of photoaged facial skin.” Archives of Dermatology 132, no. 4 (1996): 395-402.

Tanzi EL, Alster TS. “Side effects and complications of variable-pulsed erbium: YAG laser skin resurfacing: extended experience with 50 patients.” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 109, no. 2 (2002): 652-657.

Alster TS, West TB. “Resurfacing of atrophic facial acne scars with a high-energy, pulsed carbon dioxide laser.” Dermatologic Surgery 22, no. 2 (1996): 151-154.

Fitzpatrick RE, Rostan EF. “Reversal of photodamage with topical growth factors: a pilot study.” Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 5, no. 1 (2003): 25-34.